Showing posts with label Turns. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Turns. Show all posts

Saturday, November 30, 2013

Sausalito myth of BofA mural turns out to be real

A nautical mural thought to be a myth turned out to be quite real when it was uncovered during routine termite work on a bank in Sausalito.

The two-story tile mural spells out "Bank of America Sausalito Cal" in international maritime signal flags, on the back of the BofA branch on Bridgeway, the tourist thoroughfare. The mural, unseen for 40 years, is on the exterior side facing the bay, in case a wayward yacht pulls into the harbor looking for an emergency loan.

After a six-month makeover, the artwork was unveiled without fanfare when the bank opened for business Monday. The unnamed and unsigned mural is open to anyone who walks or drives by, and will draw attention to the redone bank, originally designed by William Wurster, the famed mid-century minimalist, and completed in 1956.

Wurster's partner, Donn Emmons, came up with the idea to put a mural on the Humboldt Avenue side, which faces the bay, and commissioned Marin artist Raymond Rice to draw it up.

"In the '70s, for reasons unknown, the mural was covered up with wood siding," says David Mendoza, the West Coast archivist for Bank of America in San Francisco. "During (recent) renovations, they uncovered the mural, and it took everybody by surprise."

This includes Scott McCage, senior project manager for Gensler, the architecture firm hired to remediate rotten wood on the bank's exterior. McCage went to the Sausalito planning department, where he was told by planner Heidi Scoble, "There is this urban myth that there is a mural on the building somewhere. Is it there? Is it not there? Nobody knew."

Plans submitted during a 1972 renovation of the building called for a "full demolition of the mural," says McCage. "It was definitely a surprise to see it was still there."

The siding had been nailed through the tile, creating holes and cracks. Fully restoring the mural would have cost an estimated $500,000, so instead, individual tiles - 4-inch squares - were removed and matched, six colors and two textures. The old mural has been preserved behind a protective membrane, and an entirely new matching mural has been set over it.

"We support anything that feeds into Sausalito's maritime history as a working waterfront, and the mural seems to be in keeping with that spirit," says Larry Clinton, president of the Sausalito Historical Society. "It is very colorful and a great addition to the waterfront."

During the 1972 renovation, the bank was de-Wursterized. The cantilevered roof line was cut back and the building uniformly painted a bland gray, with blue detail. The latest renovation began last summer and has gone to great lengths to "pay homage to William Wurster and the original design," McCage says.

The bank has been reclad in stained cedar, and the exposed steel beams have been repainted in their original international orange. Take away the bright red cash machines punctured into its frontage, and the building now looks like a Wurster beach house in Stinson.

"It's an improvement to take the wood off," says Charlotte Mastrangelo, who moved to Sausalito in 1958 and was examining the mural from the park across the street. "I don't know why they covered it up in the first place."

Sam Whiting is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer. E-mail: swhiting@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @samwhitingsf


View the original article here

Monday, June 24, 2013

Gene 'Switch' Turns On Cardiac Risk

By Chris Kaiser, Cardiology Editor, MedPage Today

People with a gene that has been turned off through a natural process called DNA methylation may be at higher risk of cardiovascular disease.

Levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were strongly associated with the methylation of the gene encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key enzyme in lipid metabolism, according to Stella Aslibekyan, PhD, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and colleagues.

There were also "robust associations" between methylation of CPT1A and plasma adiponectin, a protein involved in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown, Aslibekyan reported during the latest Emerging Science Series webinar from the American Heart Association.

They concluded that "CPT1A methylation is a novel epigenetic marker of cardiovascular risk."

The CPT1A gene encodes an enzyme that is involved in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. There is a genetic condition in which this enzyme is not functional and those individuals are more prone to seizures, hepatic encephalopathy, and even sudden infant death syndrome, Aslibekyan explained.

"In the setting of metabolic disease -- high glucose and insulin levels inhibit [a substance] that in turn inhibits CPT1A. As a result, the long chain fatty acids that are consumed in the diet can no longer be efficiently transferred into mitochondria and used for energy. Instead, they remain as free fatty acids in the blood," she said.

Many cardiovascular disease risk factors are highly heritable. At least 40% of observed variance in cardiovascular risk can be explained by genetic factors, and in the case of cholesterol, for example, it's as high as 80%.

However, known genes explain a very small fraction of the heritable component of CVD risk, Aslibekyan said.

The aim of the researchers was to identify novel heritable correlates of cardiovascular risk traits, such as plasma lipids, through an epigenome-wide study of DNA methylation in CD4+ T-cells in a large population-based cohort.

Epigenetics, Aslibekyan explained, is the study of heritable alterations in gene expression that occur without changes to the DNA sequence, such as methylation.

"Epigenetic changes occur throughout one's life, as a result of both genetic inheritance and environmental factors, such as diet, alcohol, and smoking," she said. "So, in a way, epigenetics provides a seamless link between genes and the environment."

To discover other genetic associations with heart disease, researchers examined about 470,000 sites in relation to CPT1A in 888 patients from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study.

They collected phenotypic information for cardiovascular risk factors for lipids, inflammatory markers such cytokines, and included adipokines and glucose metabolism markers.

In some models, researchers adjusted for sex, age, cell purity, and pedigree (family). Additional models adjusted for body mass index, alcohol intake, and current smoking status.

They found a few significant associations with cardiovascular risk factors and methylation of CPT1A, and other associations that were strong, but not significant.

Aslibekyan, as well as panelists for the webinar, concluded that one day, the evaluation of CPT1A as a new genetic biomarker may identify and stratify people at the greatest risk for developing heart disease, as well as aid in disease prevention and treatment.

All authors reported they had no conflicts of interest to declare.

From the American Heart Association:

Primary source: AHA Emerging Science Series
Source reference:
Aslibekyan S, et al "CPT1A methylation is a novel epigenetic marker of cardiovascular risk" AHA Emerging Science Series; Abstract.

Chris Kaiser

Cardiology Editor

Chris has written and edited for medical publications for more than 15 years. As the news editor for a United Business Media journal, he was awarded Best News Section. He has a B.A. from La Salle University and an M.A. from Villanova University. Chris is based outside of Philadelphia and is also involved with the theater as a writer, director, and occasional actor.